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How to Diagnose SLE (Lupus) - Arthritis & Rheumatology Center
Author DrAshiSh@dmin

How to Diagnose SLE (Lupus) – Dr. Ashish Badika – Arthritis & Rheumatology Center

Lupus produces different symptoms in different individuals. For this reason, it is hard for a physician to make the diagnosis at the first visit. Sometimes doctors say the patient has Lupus but the symptoms present are not enough to confirm it.  So they have to track patients’ symptoms and conduct lab tests over time.

For this patients may be asked for regular visits. Although not all symptoms qualify Lupus,  certain lab tests can be done to narrow down the diagnosis.

ANA(Antinuclear Antibody)– ANA is present in almost everyone with Lupus so it is used by doctors as a screening tool. Once results arrive, further tests are done.

Anti-dsDNA– 70% of the people with Lupus have positive results. This test is specifically for Lupus so a positive test confirms the diagnosis. The presence of anti-dsDNA indicates a higher risk of lupus nephritis(kidney).

Serum Complements C3 and C4

Others test Complete blood counts, liver function tests, kidney function tests, urine routine & 24hr urine protein.

Antiphospholipid  Antibodies–

 It is present in 40% of people with Lupus. A positive test helps to identify certain risks in women like miscarriage,  blood clots, and preterm birth. It’s always better to have a timely diagnosis of lupus so treatment can be started at the earliest.

Dr. Ashish K Badika has 3 years of advanced training in Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology including 2 years Post Doctoral.

He has extensive exposure to Systemic Autoimmune Disorder (Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Seronegative spondyloarthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Scleroderma, Gout, Myositis, Sjogren’s Syndrome, Vasculitic conditions, and Paediatric rheumatology disorders).

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)/Lupus- Etiology Causes, SLE Cause
Author DrAshiSh@dmin

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)/Lupus- Etiology (Cause’s) – Dr. Ashish Badika

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)/Lupus is an autoimmune disease. The immune system of a person attacks its own tissues which it identifies as foreign ones.

There is no specific known cause why our own body’s army (immune system) gets confused and starts attacking itself. The cause of SLE remains unknown and is definitely multifactorial. Many observations suggest a role for genetic, hormonal, immunologic, and environmental factors. 

Lupus develops in response to a combination of factors like:

  1. Genetics: – Researchers say there is around 50 genes likely to contribute to it’s Lupus. There is no evidence to suggest that they directly cause Lupus.
  2. Environmental factors: –
  • Several Viruses  like EBV.
  • bacterial infections may trigger increased immune activation and inflammation.
  • Exposure to ultraviolet light.

3. Hormonal: – Most of the cases of Lupus are females. Differences in our hormones — chemical messengers that deliver messages from the brain to the body may play a role in this. Studies show that estrogen contributes to the development of lupus and makes it more severe.

4. Immune abnormalities: – There are various immune defects in patients with Lupus. Clinical manifestations are mediated directly or indirectly by antibody formation and the creation of immune complexes (IC).

One can still get Lupus without having a family history of a single person with Lupus symptoms.

Dr. Ashish K Badika has 3 years of advanced training in Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology including 2 years Post Doctoral.

He has extensive exposure to Systemic Autoimmune Disorder (Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Seronegative spondyloarthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Scleroderma, Gout, Myositis, Sjogren’s Syndrome, Vasculitic conditions, and Paediatric rheumatology disorders).

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)/ Lupus, SLE Symptoms
Author DrAshiSh@dmin

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)/ Lupus – Symptoms – Dr. Ashish Badika

In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or also call as LUPUS our own body’s immune system starts to damage the organs and tissues of our own body. This is what is called autoimmunity.

Symptoms of SLE are so different in different people that no two cases are alike. This makes it hard to diagnose at the beginning. Patients with SLE may have pain and swelling in joints very frequently. Some develop in arthritis with the passage of time.

SLE affects many organs of the body.

  • Heart: Valve problems, risk of heart attacks increases.
  • Brain and nervous system: Headaches, tingling, strokes or seizures, eye problems, weakness, numbness, memory and personality changes, and difficulty in expressing their thoughts.
  • Digestive tract: Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
  • Lung : Bleeding into lungs and pneumonia, difficulty breathing, coughing up blood
  • Skin: recurrent oral ulcers
  • Kidney: Swelling in the legs, kidney failure is one of the leading causes of death among people with lupus.
  • Circulation: Clots in veins or arteries, constriction or inflammation of blood vessels, anaemia, low white blood cell or platelet count.

Some common symptoms are listed below:

  • Weight loss.
  • Painful areas in the mouth and gum (canker sores)
  • Chest pains when you take a deep breath also called as pleuritis
  • Swollen lymph nodes.
  • Prolonged Fever on and off.
  • General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise).
  • Hair loss.
  • Recurrent miscarriage
  • High blood pressure during pregnancy
  • Filling of water around the heart and lungs, causing difficulty in breathing
  • Sunlight sensitivity also called as photosensitivity. It gets worse in sunlight.
  • Skin rash — Malar rash develops with SLE. The rash is spreads around cheeks and the nose in shape of a butterfly.

SLE/LUPUS may present in several ways. Meet a Rheumatologist if you are facing these issues.

Dr. Ashish K Badika has 3 years of advanced training in Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology including 2 years Post Doctoral.

He has extensive exposure to Systemic Autoimmune Disorder (Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Seronegative spondyloarthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Scleroderma, Gout, Myositis, Sjogren’s Syndrome, Vasculitic conditions, and Paediatric rheumatology disorders).

Ankylosing Spondylitis - Disease Mimics - rheumatologyindore.com
Author DrAshiSh@dmin

Ankylosing Spondylitis – Disease Mimics – Dr. Ashish Badika

Out of many subtypes of Spondylarthritis most common form is ankylosing spondylitis. Some diseases may have symptoms that closely mimic/resemble Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and can be mistakenly considered AS.

Few conditions that mimic/ resembles Ankylosing spondylitis:

  • Acute back strain or lumbago: – Lumbago refers to lower back pain. The type of lower back pain and the area of pain distribution are the two factors that help in determining the cause of the back pain. In a person’s lower back several anatomical structures can cause extreme back pain and may radiate pain to other parts of the body like the leg. 
  • Acute or chronic mechanical low back pain: – The patient tends to experience pain in the back and it may last longer.  This targets soft tissues, spinal joints, and vertebrae. Some accident or activity you have done might be the reason for the pain.
  • Fibromyalgia: -It’s a very common type of condition that might affect muscles and bones. Patients experience symptoms like fatigue, joint pains, and generalized body pains.
  • Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH): – DISH leads to the hardening of ligaments particularly in the areas where they are attached to the spine. Common symptoms which might be experienced are stiffness in the upper back, moderate pain. It’s commonly seen in patients with diabetes.
  • Sacroiliac joint Infection: – The disease causes inflammation in either one or both sacroiliac joints. It can cause pain in the lower back or buttocks and may radiate pain to the legs.
  • Osteitis Condensans ilii (OCI): – OCI is a non-progressive condition. This condition is marked by iliac bone sclerosis and can be found on x-ray/imaging. Symptoms are most commonly seen in case of pregnancy or weight gain. Women are more prone to this disease. It’s is self-limited and its management is conservative.

It is advisable to visit a Rheumatologist to be sure of the disease you are having so that proper treatment can be given. 

Dr. Ashish K Badika has 3 years of advanced training in Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology including 2 years Post Doctoral.

He has extensive exposure to Systemic Autoimmune Disorder (Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Seronegative spondyloarthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Scleroderma, Gout, Myositis, Sjogren’s Syndrome, Vasculitic conditions, and Paediatric rheumatology disorders).

Role of Physiotherapy in Ankylosing Spondylitis - rheumatologyindore.com
Author DrAshiSh@dmin

Ankylosing Spondylitis – Role of Physiotherapy – Dr. Ashish Badika – Arthritis & Rheumatology Center

Physiotherapy (PT) is very important for keeping you active and helping you in leading a normal lifestyle. Along with medications, PT plays a vital role in minimizing the stiffness of joints, reducing pain, and improving body posture. For patients suffering from Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), physiotherapy is an integral part of treatment.

AS impacts mobility causes severe pain and makes you feel like not to move or do any physical exercise. Your Rheumatologist might suggest doing specific exercises regularly.

Exercises decrease pain and stiffness in patients with AS. In your PT session, you will be guided about different exercises which can be done at home for the management of AS symptoms. Some efficient exercises are spinal mobility exercise, strengthening, stretching.

Ankylosing Spondylitis - Role of Physiotherapy - Dr. Ashish Badika - Arthritis & Rheumatology Center

Physical therapists might ask to perform the following exercises:

  • Posture training like standing against the wall, prone lying, standing, walking. Improving posture is the key to managing AS symptoms efficiently.
  • Strengthening exercises like yoga for improving your strength and balance using light hand weights.
  • Stretching exercises for improving mobility as patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis naturally tend to avoid moving joints which gives them pain.

A physical therapist will design a well-planned routine of the exercises you need based on your symptoms. To get relief from your symptoms quickly it is important to be consistent with your treatment plan.

Dr. Ashish K Badika has 3 years of advanced training in Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology including 2 years Post Doctoral.

He has extensive exposure to Systemic Autoimmune Disorder (Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Seronegative spondyloarthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Scleroderma, Gout, Myositis, Sjogren’s Syndrome, Vasculitic conditions, and Paediatric rheumatology disorders).

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